90776f59-c864-44f7-8306-cb547110cd63Portland cement, at plantMaterials productionOther materialsPortland cement is a hydraulic cement composed primarily of hydraulic calcium silicates. Hydraulic cements harden by reacting chemically with water. During this reaction, cement combines with water to form a stonelike mass, called paste. When the paste (cement and water) is added to aggregates (sand and gravel, crushed stone, or other granular materials) it binds the aggregates together to form concrete, the most widely used construction material. Although the words #cement# and #concrete# are used interchangeably in everyday usage, cement is one of the constituents of concrete. Cement is a very fine powder and concrete is a stonelike material. Cement constitutes 8 to 15 percent of concrete#s total mass by weight. Using cement LCI data incorrectly as concrete LCI data is a serious error., 2002 for fuels and electricity consumption; 2000 for raw material consumption and transportation modes and distances; and 1993 to 2004 for emissions.Important note: although most of the data in the US LCI database has undergone some sort of review, the database as a whole has not yet undergone a formal validation process. Please email comments to lci@nrel.gov. The original datasets and documentation can be found online: https://www.lcacommons.gov/nrel/search0Unit process, single operationAttributionalnone95.0No statement2020-01-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.12020-01-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedNREL US Life Cycle Inventory (USLCI) LibraryVarious (NREL USLCI)trueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of thinkstep AG. thinkstep AG delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.Cement (average)Output1.01.00Mixed primary / secondaryUnknown derivationvaluable