2505b066-f8b8-402d-9454-304021f7f97dLight direct and disperse dyeing in jiggertechnology mixSystemsTextiles, furnitures and other interiorsThe data are of industrial origin, thus the data quality can be considered as high. Though no data are available for the specific waste flows for this process their contribution to the environmental impact of this process can be assumed as low. Water losses due to evaporation are not recorded.0The data set represents the country / region specific situation, focusing on the main technologies, the region specific characteristics and / or import statistics.While dyeing the following physical resp. chemical processes occur: 1. the dye diffuses from the liquor to the textile material 2. the dye molecules accumulate on the surface of the fabric, what is controlled by the affinity of the colourant for the fibre 3. the dye diffuses into the interior of the fibre, a process which is slower than the transport processes of the dye to the fibre 4. the dye must be fixed within the substrate, reactive dyes are fixed by covalent bonds, while direct dyes are fixed by Van der Waals and other short range forces between the fibre and the dye To the group of the direct dyes belong azo compounds, stilbenes, oxazines, and phtalocyanines. A characteristic property is the solubilizing group, largely sulphonic acid groups, but also carboxylic and hydroxyl groups. This group ionises in an aqueous solution. The molecular structure of direct dyes is of a long and planar shape. The colourant is fixed to the fibre by Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. Disperse dyes have no solubilizing group and are of low molecular weight. Most disperse dyes are simple azo compounds, but also anthraquinones are important. The dye is attached to the fibre by hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions and Van der Waals forces. Direct dyes are mostly use for dyeing of cellulose fibres such as acetate, but also silk and polyamide fibres can be stained with this colourants. They are applied together with salt and auxiliaries in the dye bath to ensure a complete wetting and dispersing effect. These auxiliaries can be for example mixtures of non-ionic and anionic surfactants. When dyeing in a batch process, the dye paste is dissolved in hot water and added to the bath, and then the salt is put in. After the dyeing process the fabric must be washed with cold water. Disperse dyes are used for polyester, polyamide, acrylic fibres, and acetate. Dyeing can be carried out in a continuous process or, as it is done in the analyzed process, in batch mode. Batch dyeing means that a certain amount of textile material is put into the dyeing machine and brought to equilibrium with a solution which contains the dye and the auxiliaries. This process can last from minutes to hours depending on the fibre and the dye. When the right shade is reached the dye bath is drained and the textile material must be washed to remove unfixed dyes and chemicals. An important parameter is the liquor ratio, i. e. the weight ratio between the total dry material and the liquor. The necessary amount of each of the both dyes is 0.5 % of the dry weight of the fabric for light dyeing. The machine used for the analyzed process is a jigger, which consists of a tub containing the bath and two rolls on which the fabric is alternately wound. Provision of a standard technical product according to the applied technology.f316d6fa-9008-11db-b606-0800200c9a66_textile_light direct and disperse dyeing in jigger.jpgUnit process, single operationAttributionalNoneNot applicableNoneCut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 95 % of mass and energy of the input and output flows, and 98 % of their environmental relevance (according to expert judgement).
For further details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneFor details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneWater from storage replaced by water (feed water) from the process potable water from groundwater, because water from storage is a mixture of water from different sources. For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles".NoneReference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Textile IndustryTextile Fertigungsverfahren - Eine Einfuehrung, 1998Data processed by ENEA in the context of the Towards Effluent Zero project (Towef0)100.0The data set represents a gate to gate unit process. It can be used to characterise related processes in LCAs. The modelling includes the process in itself. The supply of energy and raw material has to be combined specifically for each location. Process can be used for: acetate and mix-acetate fabric.No statementThe LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit.thinkstepIABP-GaBiIBP-GaBiThe dataset and systems, which are provided with our software and databases for public use into a broad user community, are constantly used, compared, benchmarked, screened, reviewed and results published in various external, professional and third party LCA applications in industry, academia and politics. So user feedback via the online GaBi forum or direct via user information is a standard routine in the maintenance and update process and leads to stable quality and constant control and improvement of data, if knowledge or technology improves or industrial process chains develop or change.GaBi user forumGaBi bug forumGaBi user communityGaBi conformity systemFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot definedUNEP SETAC Life Cycle InitiativeNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedILCD Data Network - Entry-levelNot definedNot definedFully compliantNot definedNot definedNot definedthinkstepThe data set represents a cradle to gate inventory. It can be used to characterise the supply chain situation of the respective commodity in a representative manner. Combination with individual unit processes using this commodity enables the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs. The data set does not necessarily fit for any possible specific supply situation - especially if significantly different technology routes exist - but is representative for a common supply chain situation.thinkstep2020-01-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1thinkstepNo official approval by producer or operator2020-01-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedGaBi databasesthinkstep / ENEAtrueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of thinkstep AG. thinkstep AG delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.FabricOutput1.01.00Mixed primary / secondaryMeasuredvaluable